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Core features and capabilities that manufacturers must possess

Key Performance Standards for High-Quality Emergency Lights and Exit Signs

Dimension

North America (UL 924 / NFPA 101)

Western Europe (EN 1838 / EN 60598-2-22)

Recommended Higher Standard (Premium Level)

Emergency duration

≥ 90 min

≥ 1 h (most cases), ≥ 3 h for special sites

90–180 min, upgradeable depending on use

Switching time

≤ 10 s

≤ 0.5 s (instant light required)

≤ 1 s with lithium battery + BMS

Corridor illuminance

Avg ≥ 1 fc (≈ 10.8 lux), min ≥ 0.1 fc

Centre line ≥ 1 lux, uniformity ≤ 40:1

Corridor ≥ 2 lux, uniformity ≤ 20:1

Protection rating

Not compulsory

Depends on installation, IP20/44/65

Indoor ≥ IP30; Outdoor IP65 / IK08+

Flame resistance

UL 94 V-0

IEC 60695

All housings V-0 or better

Battery life

≥ 500 cycles (NiMH/Lead-acid)

IEC battery standards

Lithium ≥ 1000 cycles, 3–5 years replacement

LED life

Not required

L70 ≥ 30,000 h

L70 ≥ 50,000–100,000 h

Operating temperature

0–40 ℃

-10–+40 ℃

-20–+50 ℃ (for outdoor/extreme use)

Power factor

> 0.5 (small power)

EN 61000 EMC

≥ 0.9 (higher power units)

Energy efficiency

Not specified

EU ERP requirements

LED ≥ 130 lm/W

Smart functions

Not compulsory

Self-test suggested

Self-test + remote monitoring (DALI, wireless, PoE)

Core Capabilities a Manufacturer Must Have

Research & Design

Manufacturers should be able to keep up with updates to standards like UL, NFPA, CSA, and EN, and even advise customers on compliance. They need optical and electrical design skills, including simulation tools (IES, Dialux), thermal modelling, and EMC planning. They should also be able to choose the right housing materials and batteries for different markets and environments, such as shopping centres, hospitals, metros, or factories.

Production & Manufacturing

Modern production should use automation such as SMT and assembly lines to minimise errors. Lithium battery packs with built-in protection and monitoring systems are essential. Manufacturers must handle multiple processes including flame-retardant injection moulding, aluminium die casting, coatings, waterproofing with silicone seals, and laser marking for traceability.

Quality & Certification

A strict quality process from incoming parts inspection to final shipment is vital. Every unit must be tested for switching time, discharge performance, and self-test functions. Strong partnerships with third-party labs (UL, CSA, TÜV, Intertek) are needed to pass certifications quickly. Products should be barcode or QR code traceable for easy recalls if needed.

Supply Chain & Delivery

A reliable supply chain means direct partnerships with leading suppliers of LEDs (Nichia, Osram, Samsung), batteries (LG, Panasonic), and drivers. To reduce risks, manufacturers should have dual production bases, such as in China and Vietnam, ensuring continuity despite tariffs or disruptions. Consistent production capacity and reliable lead times are also essential for large orders.

Innovation & Added Value

Today’s products should support smart control systems like DALI, ZigBee, LoRa, or PoE for central monitoring and energy management. They should also comply with environmental rules such as RoHS, REACH, and WEEE, with plans for battery recycling. Customisation is another advantage, enabling OEM/ODM services from initial drawings to mass production.

Service & Market Support

Manufacturers should offer pre-sales support (lighting simulations, installation guidance, certification advice) and after-sales services (3–5 year warranty, replaceable batteries, spare parts supply). Strong references from projects in shopping malls, airports, transport systems, and hospitals help build trust with global customers.

Conclusion – Positioning Advice

Creating a high-quality emergency light or exit sign is not simply about meeting the minimum UL or EN requirements. True quality is shown in longer lifespan, higher reliability, smart functions, and advanced self-testing.

A strong manufacturer must bring together:

Technical strength (design, optics, batteries, smart features).

Production capability (automation, quality control, certification).

Supply chain resilience (dual production bases, reliable sourcing).

Added value services (customisation, after-sales, environmental compliance).

This combined approach ensures products that not only comply with global standards but also stand out in competitive markets such as North America and Western Europe.